Most shells are C programs, so it's clearly possible to use pipes there (and consequently any language with a C FFI, including Rust) and it's done. It's cumbersome though. That's why there are so called glue languages, including shells. Compiler and similar tools might establish pipes and will do so directly, rather than via a glue language. Perhaps a grep through github could tell how 'extensive' this truly is.

For the data transfer rate it doesn't matter how (using which language) the pipe is established; C and Rust and the like will have a (small) edge up in the start-up time (latency) though.