The Casimir force is based on the zero point energy. Physics does not categorically say that it is impossible to usefully extract energy from this source. However the work required to set up configurations that do so seems to exceed the energy recovered. This has not slowed an army of crackpots who claim to have found some way of doing so.

That said, a one-use battery is possible to build, but the effort required is far more than a chemical battery, and the energy densities are so much less, that building one seems entirely useless.