Horses weren’t cheap when they were a primary mode of transportation. Lots of people have died riding, driving, and breaking horses. They definitely smell bad, and their “particulate matter” was so bad that houses had to be set back and elevated from the street.
Cities designed around cars are far superior to cities designed around horses.
Cars replaced streetcars, not horses. Few people in big cities were getting on horseback to commute to work in the morning in the early 20th century. People generally walked or took the streetcar.
No, they were not. Trains are good for taking large numbers of people from one place where they don't want to be to another place where they don't want to be. In certain situations that can be a useful thing to do, but you can't design a city around it. In every case you have in mind, rest assured, the city was there first.
??? No, they don't. They only smell bad when they're kept standing in their urine, which is still not worse than a hairdresser. Compared to dogs (or ICE cars) horses smell way less. They do sweat to regulate temperature, which has a distinct smell, but it's way less irritating to a human's nose than the sweat of the rider.
There's a set of distinct smells associated with the horses, but other than the piss, none of them are particularly "bad". In my experience, humans tend to smell way worse overall (from food to body odor to the excrement) than horses.
Horses weren’t cheap when they were a primary mode of transportation. Lots of people have died riding, driving, and breaking horses. They definitely smell bad, and their “particulate matter” was so bad that houses had to be set back and elevated from the street.
Cities designed around cars are far superior to cities designed around horses.