I tend to do something like this. Normally, I wouldn't include the extra jobs calls and extra echo calls, these are just to show what is happening.

  #!/usr/bin/env bash
  
  runUntilDoneOrTimeout () {
      local -i timeout=0
      OPTIND=1
      while getopts "t:" opt; do
          case $opt in
              t) timeout=$OPTARG;;
          esac
      done
      shift $((OPTIND - 1))
      runCommand="$*"
      $runCommand &
      runPID=$!
      echo checking jobs
      jobs # just to prove there are some
      echo job check complete
      while jobs %- >& /dev/null && ((timeout > 0)); do
          echo "waiting for $runCommand for $timeout seconds"
          sleep 1
          ((timeout--))
      done
      if (( timeout == 0 )); then
          echo "$runCommand timed out"
          kill -9 $runPID
          wait $runPID
      else
          echo "$runCommand completed"
      fi
      echo checking jobs
      jobs # just to prove there are none
      echo job check complete
  }
  
  declare -i timeopt=10
  declare -i sleepopt=100
  OPTIND=1
  while getopts "t:s:" opt; do
      case $opt in
          t) timeopt=$OPTARG;;
          s) sleepopt=$OPTARG;;
      esac
  done
  shift $((OPTIND - 1))
  runUntilDoneOrTimeout -t $timeopt sleep $sleepopt