This immediately reminded me of my experience in school. At that time, the teacher encouraged us to take notes in class, and I would desperately copy down what the teacher said, especially the “key points” written on the blackboard, for fear of missing them. But the interesting thing is that I was not “listening” at all at that time. My attention was all on copying, and as a result, I didn't remember what was actually said. After class, I almost never looked at these notes again, they just became a pile of papers in my schoolbag that made me feel guilty. Later I found that this way of learning was not suitable for me. Instead, I can remember content that has stories, pictures, and emotional resonance, rather than copying word for word. So I think that even if “handwriting” is helpful to some people, it does not mean that it is equally effective for everyone. The real challenge may be to help us find a learning method that suits us, rather than forcing a “optimal solution”.