> I actually don't know of any other way to get them.
You can't actually get podcasts per se at all from YouTube. YouTube rehosts podcasts as YouTube channels, and doesn't itself expose podcast feeds.
Lots of people subscribe to podcasts through Apple Podcasts, Spotify, a long tail of various aggregators, or just directly subscribing to podcast feeds in their favorite apps.
I actually don't know of any other way to get them. I suspect I'm not alone. That's how pervasive the dominant platforms are.