As a European who watches American TV & films, the one thing that strikes me about American eggs is the colour. They're white! This just looks wrong! Eggs here are a peach/pink colour. White eggs look like fake eggs.
Americans like white eggs. You can tell which type a hen will produce from the color of its ears. As a european I too find this weird. It's the same thing with bread, they practically bleach it over here.
When I was a kid in the UK brown and white eggs were equally common. Now white is much more common but in the past few years you can buy brown and blue and so on in specialist places again.
Your second sentence is a bit strange in my experience, unless you're referring to yourself now living in the US. I have never seen a white egg in a UK supermarket, stall market or cornershop. They are always brown/pink.
That's just the breed of chicken, not the post processing. You can get eggs in almost any color. Brown, white, and everything in between (peach) are common.
The thing that gets me is the volume of eggs you can buy here. In the UK, a typical egg carton contains 6 eggs but you can buy them in packs of 12. Over here I struggle to get eggs in quantities small enough that I can finish them all before they spoil.
The other thing is a general lack of free-range or even what we would call "barn eggs" in the UK.