Almost all of the occupations you list require graduate degrees to practice professionally; two of them are primarily practiced in academia. Most of them are hard-science degrees whereas CS is at least partially a liberal art. (The exceptions to this where CS-related degrees are issued as BSs are most notably issued at the most well-regarded colleges for CS, as far as I know.)

Although the average CS program is pretty terrible, the underlying differentiating factor is that doing practical CS work is cheap and easy (the same thing that motivated internet entrepreneurship); additionally a large part of the literature is directed at 'lay practitioners'. Doing (advanced) physics or chemistry is neither cheap nor easy, and it's pretty hard (impossible, AFAIK) to do pure professional mathematics outside an academic setting.