Yes it does. Check this page out [1] and this stackoverflow question.[2]

"If a file isn’t from a known source, Chrome sends the URL and IP of the host and other meta data, such as the file’s hash and binary size, to Google."

[1] http://blog.chromium.org/2012/01/all-about-safe-browsing.htm...

[2] http://superuser.com/questions/387724/how-to-disable-downloa...