Printing a string is luxury! When I was working on a Linux port to the Treo 650 ages ago, I had a single bit of output: an LED that I could turn on or off at certain parts of the boot sequence. That was good enough to get me to the point where the LCD could be initialized and I could do proper screen logging.

I've done this for a handful of other projects as well. My first step is always locating a processor GPIO that controls something obvious (camera flash, status LED, etc) that I can use to figure out where I am in the boot process.

One bit/pin can be more than enough if you can code some state behind it. On one embedded MCU job, I ended up with just one port pin free. I tied it to a piezo-oscillator and played short Morse strings through it; that was my printf. (It helps that I'm a ham, so I could head-copy those messages.)

Once I turned it over to production use, the techs found the difference in overall sound between "OK" and an error message useful enough that they kept it jumper-enabled. They did put tape over the oscillator's opening to cut down the amplitude, though.

"// If the camera flash fires five times in a row, the string was successfully changed"

Luxury. We used to _dream_ of printf debugging when we're doing embedded microcontroller systems! (at least the ones I work on).

There the debugging is toggling a port pin and examining with an oscilloscope. I typically toggle it different numbers of times at different places in the code to see where I've got to.

I grew fond of printing a char, after I spent some time snooping a uart. The o-scope in capture mode (I realize this wasn't always an option) grabs the char. Handy because I find char waveforms very easy to recognize at just a glance, and you don't have to measure periodicity or count toggles.

Even if you don't have a uart, you can write a little proc to bit-bang a pin.

When developing for microcontrollers and for example my leds aren't working, I like to define a place in memory where I write values to depending on the place in code. Then just read out that memory address with OpenOCD (jtag of swd).

  #define debugVar        ((uint32_t *) 0x10007000)
  *debugVar = 1;     
  *debugVar = 2;
  *debugVar = 0xdeadcafe;

I found tiny printf incredibly useful for this

[1] http://www.sparetimelabs.com/tinyprintf/tinyprintf.php [2] https://github.com/cjlano/tinyprintf (32bit version)

I love ARM semihosting for this reason. It's obviously insanely slow, but unlike a UART it doesn't need any extra hardware and the target is halted while the slow bit is taking place.

I did this too. My life was a lot simpler on the projects where I could connect to UART and actually output text, but that wasn't always the case.

I was once porting my OS to a new platform, and hadn't got the screen to work yet. What I did get to work was the screen's backlight, so I would have it blink to show debugging info. It was a huge pain in the ass.

I once had a university project where we were implementing low-level threading for a custom OS, and had some task manipulating the signal handlers. Needless to say, we ran in to a few issues with the code we wrote. At that time, I was pretty much a print-line debugger (still mostly am).

I failed that assignment, but in the process learned how to use gdb. I still do wish I had seen this post back* then though, just for the marks.

*Disc: I'm not knowledgeable enough to know 100% this would have helped

Apparently simply panning around that blog (while zoomed in on mobile) is a luxury, because it seems to send you to different blog entries when you do it.

The greatest "feature" of Blogspot. It is the most obnoxious thing on mobile devices.

Not as obnoxious as - on iOS - having my browser's focus stolen by an appstore link which switches me from browser to App Store.

This is particularly bad when visiting Pinterest. So bad that I stopped visiting Pinterest at all because I hate the behaviour. It is so obviously broken that I'm surprised they still do it.

A game that is popular at my school has these modal ads with a close button that is smaller than you can accurately tap. Every third time it opens I end up in the App Store. It drives me nuts. A confirmation would be nice.

My first commercial 8-bit games (Sinclair Spectrum and Amstrad CPC) were developed entirely with border color as the only debugging tool. Figuring out a particular stack corruption bug was a miracle, and there was at least another bug that went unfixed (just changed the level map and it stopped happening). Those were the days ahem.

Don't forget binary size. Often I find calling printf() links in a bunch of gunk- I'm not quite sure why- exploding binary size 10-20kB.

This is, of course, mostly a problem on microcontrollers rather than PC's.

It is a whole parser plus number parsing too. Few implementations compile at runtime if the pattern is known.