Someone else has mentioned that HVIF supports level-of-detail hinting.

This is renderer-dependent (as it's a relatively new feature), but SVG alsp supports altering the vector by scale via CSS media-queries. Oversimplified example:

  <svg viewBox="0 0 48 48" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <style>@media (max-width: 24px) { .detail { display: none; } }</style>
    <path d="basic icon here" />
    <path class="detail" d="extra icon details here" />
  </svg>